Kids love science, especially when it involves hands-on experiments. These experiments, activities, and science projects for 2nd graders are guaranteed to bring excitement and enthusiastic vibes into your classroom. Your students will learn basic concepts about physics, chemistry, biology, and more while having a blast!
To make it even easier to find the best science projects for 2nd graders, we’ve given each a rating based on difficulty and the materials you’ll need.
Difficulty:
- Easy: Low or no-prep experiments you can do pretty much anytime
- Medium: These take a little more setup or a longer time to complete
- Advanced: Experiments like these take a fairly big commitment of time and/or effort
Materials:
- Basic: Simple items you probably already have on hand
- Medium: Items that you might not already have but are easy to get your hands on
- Advanced: These require specialized or more expensive supplies to complete
Jump to:
Properties of Matter Science Projects for 2nd Graders
These 2nd grade science projects help students investigate the properties of different materials, compare solids and liquids, and observe how matter changes in everyday situations.
1. Drink root beer floats to learn about states of matter
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Root beer, ice cream, cups, spoons
Mix root beer and ice cream to explore solids, liquids, and gases interacting in one fun treat. Students see firsthand how matter changes states. Have students observe the foam, melting ice cream, and fizzy bubbles to identify examples of each state of matter in action.
2. Mix flavors in a lollipop lab
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Lollipops, water, cups, spoons
Dissolve lollipops in water and mix flavors to explore how substances dissolve and form solutions. Students observe chemical and physical changes. Have them compare how quickly different colors or sizes dissolve, then discuss what evidence shows that the candy is mixing with the water.
3. Learn about osmosis with gummy bears
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Medium
- Materials Needed: Gummy bears, water, cups
Soak gummy bears in water and watch them expand. Students explore osmosis and water movement across membranes. Students can measure the gummy bears before and after soaking to see how much they change, then compare results using plain water, salt water, or sugar water.
4. Freeze and observe liquid expansion
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Medium
- Materials Needed: Different liquids (water, juice, etc.), ice cube trays, freezer
Freeze different liquids to see how some expand more than others. Students learn about thermal expansion and states of matter. Have them compare the liquid level before and after freezing, then discuss why some liquids take up more space as they turn into solids.
5. Use crackers to learn about properties of matter
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Medium
- Materials Needed: Crackers, paper, pencil
Sort, compare, and classify crackers by properties such as shape, texture, and hardness. Students explore physical characteristics of matter. Have them record their observations in a chart, then explain which properties made each cracker easy or difficult to classify.
6. Demonstrate heat energy with chocolate kisses
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Medium
- Materials Needed: Chocolate kisses, hands
Compare holding a chocolate kiss in open and closed hands. Students observe heat transfer from body to object. This simple activity helps students see how warmth from their hands can cause a solid to soften or melt at different rates.
7. Turn an egg into a bouncy ball
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Egg, vinegar, container
Soak an egg in vinegar for 48 hours to see a chemical reaction. Students explore changes in matter and elasticity. As the shell dissolves, students can observe how the egg feels, looks, and moves differently, then discuss what evidence shows that a new substance formed.
Learn more: Egg and Vinegar Experiment (Guide + Printable Reflection Sheet)
8. Blow up a balloon with baking soda and vinegar
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Baking soda, vinegar, balloon, bottle
Combine baking soda and vinegar in a bottle to inflate a balloon. Students observe chemical reactions producing gas. As the balloon fills, students can see that gas takes up space, even when it is invisible.
Learn more: Baking Soda and Vinegar Balloon (Guide + Printable Reflection Sheet)
9. Make a lava lamp
- Difficulty: Medium
- Materials: Medium
- Materials Needed: Oil, water, Alka-Seltzer, food coloring, container
Combine oil, water, and Alka-Seltzer to observe density and gas bubbles. Students explore fluid properties. Students can see how oil and water separate into layers while gas bubbles move through the liquids.
Learn more: DIY Lava Lamp Experiment: How-To Plus Free Worksheet
10. Drop Mentos in soda and watch it erupt
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Medium
- Materials Needed: Mentos, soda, container (preferably outdoors)
Drop Mentos into soda to explore a chemical reaction that releases carbon dioxide, demonstrating gas formation and pressure. Students can compare different types of soda or the number of Mentos used to see how the reaction changes.
Learn more: Mentos and Coke Experiment (Guide + Printable Reflection Sheet)
11. Make magic milk
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Milk, dish soap, food coloring, shallow dish, dropper
Pour in milk into a shallow dish, then add small drops of food coloring onto the surface of the milk. Using a cotton swab dipped into dish soap, lightly brush the surface of the milk. The dish soap breaks the surface tension of the milk, and the soap molecules try to attach to the fat molecules in the milk. This causes swirls and bursts of fun rainbow colors!
Learn more: Magic Milk Experiment (Guide + Printable Reflection Sheet)
12. Make ice cream in a bag
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Milk, sugar, vanilla, ice, salt, zip-top bags, towels
Combine ingredients and shake in a bag to create ice cream. Students observe physical changes and freezing-point depression. Have students notice how the liquid mixture thickens and freezes as heat moves out of it, turning it into a sweet solid treat.
13. Create rainbows out of candy
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Skittles, hot water, plate
Pour hot water onto Skittles to dissolve the sugar coating and create a rainbow diffusion effect. Students explore solubility and diffusion. As the colors spread through the water, students can observe how dissolved particles move from one area to another.
Learn more: Skittles Rainbow Experiment: How-To Plus Free Worksheet
14. Keep apples from turning brown
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Apples, lemon juice, knife, plates
Test methods to prevent apple oxidation. Students explore chemical reactions and how exposure to oxygen changes matter. Students can compare lemon juice, water, salt water, and no treatment to see which method slows browning the most.
15. Brew up some slime
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Medium
- Materials Needed: Glue, water, food coloring, borax solution, bowls, spoons
Make slime to learn about polymers and non-Newtonian fluids. Students explore properties of matter and chemical interactions. As students stretch, squeeze, and pull the slime, they can observe how it sometimes behaves like a solid and sometimes like a liquid.
Learn more: 4 Slime Recipes (Guide + Printable Reflection Sheet)
16. Bend objects to test flexibility
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Different objects (straws, paper, rubber bands, etc.)
Test flexibility of materials by bending different objects. Students explore physical properties like elasticity and rigidity. Have students predict which materials will bend, snap, or return to their original shape, then sort them based on what happens.
17. Discover density with saltwater solutions
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Water, salt, various small objects, cups
Compare how objects float in fresh water vs. salt water. Students explore density and buoyancy. Students can observe how adding salt changes the water and affects whether certain objects sink, float, or float higher.
18. Count how many water drops will fit on a coin
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Penny, water, dropper
Observe surface tension by seeing how many drops water can fit on a coin. Students learn about cohesion and molecular forces. Have students count each drop carefully and watch the dome of water form before it finally spills over.
19. Use cereal to learn about states of matter
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Cereal, milk, bowl
Observe how cereal interacts with milk to explore solids and liquids, and discuss how matter changes state. Students can compare what happens right away with what happens after a few minutes as the cereal absorbs liquid and changes texture.
20. Melt crayons to explore reversible changes
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Broken crayons, silicone molds or muffin liners, tray, sunlight or a low-temperature oven
Place broken crayon pieces in a mold and gently warm them until they melt, then let them cool and harden again. Students observe how matter can change from a solid to a liquid and back to a solid, while noticing that the material itself is still crayon.
Life and Earth Science Projects for 2nd Graders
21. Pollinate like a bee
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Pipe cleaners, small paper “flowers,” paper cups
Use pipe cleaner bees to transfer “pollen” between flowers attached to paper cups. Students learn how pollinators support plant reproduction. Have students observe how pollen sticks to the bee and moves from flower to flower, just like it does in nature.
22. Explode a balloon seed pod
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Medium
- Materials Needed: Balloons, seeds, cups
Use a balloon to simulate how seeds are dispersed. Students explore plant reproduction and seed dispersal mechanisms. Students can compare how far the “seeds” travel and discuss how wind, animals, and water help new plants grow in different places.
23. Watch a leaf “breathe”
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Leaf, water, clear container
Submerge a leaf in water to observe transpiration. Students learn how plants release water vapor and exchange gases. As bubbles appear on the leaf, students can see evidence that plants are active living things that exchange gases with their environment.
24. Grow a self-sustaining ecosystem
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Medium
- Materials Needed: Clear bottle or jar, soil, seeds, water
Plant seeds inside a sealed bottle. Observe the water cycle and plant life cycle together. Students see ecosystem balance. Students can track condensation, water droplets, and plant growth to understand how water keeps moving through a small closed system.
25. Compare and contrast animal habitats
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Medium
- Materials Needed: Small animal toys or figures, containers, soil, water, plant materials
Build models of different habitats and observe water, temperature, and structure differences. Students learn about ecosystem diversity. Have students compare how each habitat supports different plants and animals based on its resources and conditions.
26. Dissect a seed
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Medium
- Materials Needed: Large seeds (like beans), water, magnifying glass, tweezers
Soak a large seed in water and examine its parts. Students learn about plant structure and function. Students can identify the seed coat, stored food, and baby plant, then discuss how each part helps the seed begin to grow.
27. Find out which liquid is best for growing seeds
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Medium
- Materials Needed: Seeds, cups, soil, different liquids (water, juice, milk, etc.)
Plant seeds with different liquids and compare growth. Students explore plant needs and environmental influence. Have students measure and record changes over time to see which liquids support healthy growth and which slow it down.
28. Conduct a cookie dunk experiment
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Medium
- Materials Needed: Cookies, milk, cups
Test which cookies float or sink in milk. Students explore buoyancy and experiment design. Students can compare cookie size, air pockets, and texture to predict which ones will float before testing.
29. Grow a sprout house
- Difficulty: Medium
- Materials: Medium
- Materials Needed: Sponge, seeds, water, tray
Construct a sponge house for seeds to grow. Students combine engineering and biology to explore plant growth. Students can observe how moisture, light, and structure work together to help seeds sprout and develop roots.
30. Salt-paint a spiderweb
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Medium
- Materials Needed: Construction paper, liquid glue, salt, water colors
Paint in a different way using watercolors and salt. Trace a printed image with liquid white school glue, then generously pour glue on the salt. Let the salt dry, then paint with watercolor paints. Notice how the salt absorbs the watercolors. When kids drip paint onto the salted glue, the paint is pulled into the salt crystals.
Learn more: How To Create a Salt Painting (Plus Free Printable Worksheet)
31. Make a rain cloud in a jar
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Jar, hot water, ice cubes, hairspray
Use ice cubes, hot water, and hairspray to demonstrate condensation and cloud formation. Students learn about the water cycle. This model helps students see how warm water vapor cools, condenses, and forms a visible cloud.
32. Make your own rain gauge
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Clear container, ruler, marker
Construct a rain gauge to measure precipitation and compare with local data. Students learn about weather measurement. Students can record rainfall over several days and compare their results with a local forecast or weather report.
33. Re-create the water cycle in a bag
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Zip-top bag, water, tape, sunlight
Fill a bag with water and place in sunlight to observe evaporation, condensation, and precipitation. Students explore the water cycle. As water droplets form and slide down the bag, students can see a small model of how water moves through the environment.
Learn more: Water Cycle Lesson Slides and Video
34. Create an earth model from play dough
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Play dough in different colors
Use play dough to build Earth layers. Students learn about crust, mantle, and core structure. Have students label each layer and compare their thicknesses to understand that Earth is made of different parts.
35. Explore erosion with sugar cubes
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Sugar cubes, small pebbles, tray
Shake sugar cubes with pebbles to simulate weathering. Students explore erosion and sediment movement. As the sugar cubes break down, students can observe how rocks are slowly worn into smaller pieces over time.
36. Simulate a landslide
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Milk carton, dirt, tray
Use a milk carton and dirt to observe landslides and erosion. Students explore Earth processes and natural forces. Students can test how adding more water or changing the slope affects how quickly soil moves.
37. Build a folded mountain
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Towels, boxes
Stack towels and boxes to demonstrate mountain formation. Students learn about plate movement and geological structures. As the layers push together and fold, students can see how pressure can slowly shape Earth’s surface.
38. Discover plate tectonics with graham crackers
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Medium
- Materials Needed: Graham crackers, whipped topping, tray
Simulate tectonic plates using crackers on whipped topping. Students explore plate movement and geological processes. Students can gently push, pull, and slide the crackers on whipped cream to model how Earth’s plates interact at different boundaries.
39. Collect and classify rocks
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Medium
- Materials Needed: Rocks, magnifying glass, sorting trays
Gather and examine rocks, classifying by color, shape, and texture. Students learn about rock properties and Earth materials. Have students use a simple chart to sort their rocks and explain which observable properties helped them classify each one.
40. Make edible dirt cups
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Medium
- Materials Needed: Pudding, graham crackers, Oreos, cups
Layer pudding, graham crackers, and Oreos to demonstrate soil types. Students learn about soil composition. Students can compare the layers to real soil components such as sand, clay, humus, and rock fragments.
41. Build a solar oven to make s’mores
- Difficulty: Advanced
- Materials: Medium
- Materials Needed: Cardboard box, foil, plastic wrap, s’mores ingredients
Use sunlight to cook s’mores. Students explore solar energy and heat transfer. Have students observe how the sun’s energy warms the materials and causes the chocolate and marshmallow to soften or melt.
Learn more: Solar Oven (Guide + Printable Reflection Sheet)
42. Turn white flowers into a rainbow of colors
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: White flowers, food coloring, water, cups
Add food coloring to water and place white flowers in it. Students observe capillary action in plants. As the petals change color, students can see how water travels up the stem and moves through the plant.
43. Build a solar system out of play dough
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Play dough in multiple colors, toothpicks, tray
Create planetary models and orbits using play dough and toothpicks. Students combine art, science, and spatial reasoning. Students can compare the size, order, and movement of planets to better understand how objects in space relate to one another.
44. Project stars on the ceiling
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Shoebox, flashlight, paper, pin
Create a star projector for the classroom. Students explore constellations and spatial relationships. As the light shines through the pattern, students can observe how groups of stars form recognizable shapes in the night sky.
45. Sculpt pipe cleaner constellations
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Pipe cleaners, beads
Use beads and pipe cleaners to model constellations. Students connect hands-on design with astronomy. Have students compare their models to real constellation maps and notice how stars can appear connected from Earth’s point of view.
46. Use bread to learn about handwashing
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Bread slices, plastic bags
Observe mold growth on handled vs. unhandled bread. Students explore hygiene, microorganisms, and experiments. Have students track changes over several days and discuss why handwashing and clean surfaces matter.
Physics and Engineering Projects for 2nd Graders
47. Conduct an egg drop
- Difficulty: Medium
- Materials: Medium
- Materials Needed: Eggs, protective materials (e.g., paper, straws, tape), containers
Design protective holders for eggs. Students explore engineering design and forces. Have them test their designs with a drop challenge, then revise their holders based on what protected the egg best.
Learn more: Egg Drop Challenge Ideas
48. Build marshmallow-and-pretzel structures
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Marshmallows, pretzel sticks
Construct stable structures and test strength. Students practice engineering and problem-solving skills. Students can compare different shapes, bases, and supports to see which design holds the most weight without tipping or collapsing.
49. Race clothespin cars
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Clothespins, straws, rubber bands, paper clips
Use clothespins and straws to create race cars. Students learn about simple machines and design optimization. Have students test how wheel placement, weight, and surface type affect how far or fast their cars travel.
50. Design and build an index card tower
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Index cards, tape
Build a tall and strong tower out of index cards. Students practice design, testing, and iteration. Students can experiment with folding, stacking, and bracing techniques to find which structures are both tall and stable.
51. Blast off drinking-straw rockets
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Straws, paper, tape, scissors
Engineer rockets from straws. Students experiment with flight and forces. Have students adjust the rocket’s length, fins, or launch angle to see how design choices affect distance and direction.
52. Watch water move colors
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: 6 small cups, water, food coloring, paper towels.
Fill three small cups with water and add food coloring to each (red, yellow and blue). Then, set an empty cup next to each filled cup, creating a circle. Add a folded strip of paper towel inside each filled up, then into an empty cup, alternating the pattern. Check back in about an hour and notice how the water moved to each cup!
53. Build your own bottle rocket
- Difficulty: Medium
- Materials: Medium
- Materials Needed: Soda bottle, vinegar, baking soda, cork, funnel, tape
Construct a soda bottle rocket and test propulsion. Students explore energy transfer and aerodynamics. Students can observe how pressure builds and releases, sending the rocket upward as energy transfers into motion.
Learn more: Bottle Rocket (Guide + Printable Reflection Sheet)
54. Craft smartphone speakers
- Difficulty: Medium
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Paper cups, cardboard tubes, scissors
Use cups and tubes to amplify sound. Students explore sound waves and engineering design. Have students test different materials or tube lengths to see how sound changes as it travels through each design.
55. Explode a watermelon
- Difficulty: Medium
- Materials: Medium
- Materials Needed: Rubber bands, watermelon, tray
Use rubber bands to explore potential and kinetic energy. Students practice engineering and problem-solving. Students can stretch rubber bands different distances and observe how stored energy turns into motion when released.
56. Watch a bag with holes remain leakproof
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Zip-top bag, pencils, water
Poke holes in a sealed water bag to observe polymers. Students learn about material properties. As pencils or skewers pass through the bag without major leaking, students can observe how the plastic stretches around the object.
Learn more: Leakproof Bag (Guide + Printable Reflection Sheet)
57. Power up a potato battery
- Difficulty: Advanced
- Materials: Advanced
- Materials Needed: Potatoes, copper coins, zinc nails, wires, small light bulb
Create a potato battery to explore electrical energy. Students learn about circuits and energy transformation. Have students connect the potatoes, wires, and metal pieces to see how chemical energy can produce a small electric current.
Learn more: Potato Battery Experiment: How-To Plus Free Worksheet
58. Observe giant fingerprints
- Difficulty: Medium
- Materials: Medium
- Materials Needed: Balloons, powder, tape
Blow up fingerprints on a balloon to study patterns. Students explore human biology and observation skills. Have students look closely at loops, arches, and whorls, then compare how each fingerprint pattern is unique.
59. Clean old coins
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Old coins, vinegar, salt, container
Test solutions to clean oxidized coins. Students explore chemical reactions and experimentation. Students can compare liquids such as vinegar, lemon juice, and soapy water to see which removes tarnish most effectively.
60. Create slime
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Medium
- Materials Needed: Glue, borax or slime activator, food coloring
Mix slime to explore polymers and hands-on engineering design. We also have a variety of slime recipes to try! Students can test how changing the recipe affects stretchiness, stickiness, and texture.
Learn more: 4 Slime Recipes (Guide + Printable Reflection Sheet)
61. Make gigantic bubbles
- Difficulty: Medium
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Bubble solution, straws, string
Create giant bubbles and explore surface tension. Students combine chemistry and engineering skills. Have students test different wand shapes and bubble mixtures to see what makes the biggest or strongest bubbles.
Learn more: Giant Soap Bubbles (Guide + Printable Reflection Sheet)
62. Make a bouquet of chromatography flowers
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Medium
- Materials Needed: Coffee filters, markers, cups, water
Use chromatography to separate colors. Students explore solutions and material properties. As the colors spread on the paper, students can see that some inks are made from more than one pigment.
Chemistry and Reaction Science Projects for 2nd Graders
63. Make a volcano erupt
- Difficulty: Medium
- Materials: Medium
- Materials Needed: Baking soda, vinegar, clay or papier-mâché, tray
Construct a volcano and simulate an eruption. Students explore chemical reactions and Earth processes. As the “lava” bubbles over, students can observe how gas formation causes pressure to build and release.
Learn more: Baking Soda Volcano (Guide + Printable Reflection Sheet)
64. Turn pom-poms into crystal balls
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Medium
- Materials Needed: Pom-poms, borax solution, container
Grow crystals on pom-poms. Students explore supersaturated solutions and chemical growth. Students can observe how crystals form over time as the solution cools and particles attach to the pom-pom.
65. Make elephant toothpaste
- Difficulty: Medium
- Materials: Medium
- Materials Needed: Hydrogen peroxide, yeast, dish soap, food coloring, container
Create a foamy reaction using hydrogen peroxide and yeast. Students explore chemical reactions and catalysts. This experiment shows how yeast helps break down hydrogen peroxide, releasing oxygen gas that creates foam.
66. Make sidewalk chalk paint
- Difficulty: Medium
- Materials: Medium
- Materials Needed: Cornstarch, water, food coloring, cups, paintbrushes
Create colorful chalk paint and explore pigments and texture. Students connect art and science. Students can mix colors, compare thickness, and observe how the paint changes as it dries.
Learn more: Learn How To Make Sidewalk Chalk Paint (Plus Free Printable)
67. Concoct a foaming rainbow
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Baking soda, vinegar, food coloring, container
Combine baking soda, vinegar, and coloring for a foamy reaction. Students explore chemical reactions. Students can observe the bubbles and foam as evidence that a gas is being produced.
Light and Sound Science Projects for 2nd Graders
68. Test sunscreen for effectiveness
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Medium
- Materials Needed: Sunscreen, paper, sunlight
Compare materials exposed to sunlight. Students explore UV protection and material science. Have students test paper, fabric, sunscreen, and/or plastic to see which materials best block or reduce sun exposure.
69. View a solar eclipse with a shoebox
- Difficulty: Medium
- Materials: Medium
- Materials Needed: Shoebox, pin, paper, tape
Use a shoebox projector to safely view an eclipse. Students learn about Earth, moon, and sun positions. This model helps students understand how light and shadow work together when one object moves in front of another.
Learn more: Solar Eclipse Viewer (Guide + Printable Reflection Sheet)
70. Tell time with a sundial
- Difficulty: Easy
- Materials: Basic
- Materials Needed: Paper plate, stick, marker, sunlight
Use a paper plate and stick to tell time via shadows. Students explore Earth’s rotation and solar position. Students can track how the shadow changes during the day and connect those changes to the sun’s apparent movement across the sky.
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